以前就聽說(shuō)過(guò)肺炎是由金黃色葡萄球菌引起的急性肺化膿性炎癥。在許多國(guó)家，金黃色葡萄球菌是造成院內(nèi)感染的主要致病菌之一。常發(fā)生于有基礎(chǔ)疾病如糖尿病、血液病、艾滋病、肝病或原有支氣管肺疾病者。兒童患流感或麻疹時(shí)也易患此病。多表現(xiàn)為急驟起病，高熱、寒戰(zhàn)、胸痛，膿性痰。X線表現(xiàn)為壞死性肺炎，如肺膿腫、肺氣囊腫和膿胸。若治療不及時(shí)或不當(dāng)，病死率甚高。而如今又可導(dǎo)致新型肺炎？
金黃色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）可以將編碼毒素的基因與其它菌株交換，而且很明顯地，這個(gè)交換基因的過(guò)程經(jīng)常發(fā)生。
根據(jù)這篇發(fā)表于最新一期Science的研究報(bào)告，這種毒素稱為Panton Valentine leukocidin或PVL，會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺炎，而可能殺死健康組織。
引領(lǐng)研究的德州A&M健康科學(xué)中心Gabriela Bowden表示，幸運(yùn)的是，受到感染的患者會(huì)馬上發(fā)高燒，所以細(xì)心的醫(yī)生一下子就可以辨認(rèn)出這種細(xì)菌感染。
06年12月，帶有新毒素的MRSA殺死了二名英國(guó)患者，而這種肺炎被稱為壞死性肺炎。患者受到感染后，肺部組織會(huì)被破壞且會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些免疫細(xì)胞死亡。PVL本身的毒性強(qiáng)到可以破壞肺部，而且毒素完全不受抗生素影響。
ATCC菌種：金黃色葡萄球菌
Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 菌株拉丁名
(ATCC? BAA-1758?) 菌株編號(hào)
Strain Designations 菌株別名 1-1-493
Application 用途 Drug discovery
Isolation 分離源 Human subject
Biosafety Level 生物安全等級(jí) 2
Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
Product Format 提供形式 freeze-dried
Storage Conditions保藏方法
Frozen 冷凍物: -80℃ or colder
Freeze-Dried 凍干物: 2℃ to 8℃
Live Culture 活菌: See Propagation Section
Preceptrol? no
Genotype pvl negative
Type Strain 模式菌株 no
Antibiotic Resistance Methicillin resistant
Comments 注釋 MRSA SCCmec: Type IV PFGE type: USA800 spa type Ridom: t088 spa type Kreiswirth: TJMBMDMGGMK pvl gene amplification: Negative Clonal complex: CC5 Sequence type: ST5 Phenotypic and genotypic information for ATCC MRSA strains, such as SCCmec, PFGE, or spa typing, is provided for informational purposes only.
This information was compiled from testing performed by one or more sources, including ATCC, strain depositor, published data, or contracted research.
Medium 培養(yǎng)基 ATCC? Medium 3: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth
Growth Conditions 生長(zhǎng)條件
Temperature 培養(yǎng)溫度: 37℃
Atmosphere 需氧情況: Aerobic Genotype pvl negative
Name of Depositor B Limbago
Isolation 分離源 Human subject
References 參考文獻(xiàn) McDougal LK, et al. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: establishing a national database. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41(11): 5113-5120, 2003. PubMed: 14605147
Monecke S, et al. A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 6(4): e17936, 2011. PubMed: 21494333